As a contractor to Global Water Partnership, Fresh Thoughts Consulting conducted a study to identify the status, challenges, and issues of water and energy nexus in transboundary basins of South-eastern Europe. This stduy served as a background document for the International Roundtable on Water and Energy Nexus in transboundary basins in South-eastern Europe, which took place from 6 to 8 November 2013 in Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina. The study addressed the status of water resources, hydropower production, water governance and transboundary river basin management, as well as future challenges for water and energy nexus in SEE countries.